A plan to build a mosque and Islamic center next to Ground Zero, sparking a national debate on religious tolerance, won a crucial battle in New York last week.
The city's Landmarks Preservation Commission voted unanimously not to declare the building now occupying the site protected, thereby clearing the way for it to be torn down and the mosque to be built.
The project has become a test of tolerance for Islam in post-9/11 America and spawned a national debate on freedom of religion.
Meant to include a mosque, sports facilities, theater, restaurant and possibly day care, the multi-story Islamic center would be open to all visitors to demonstrate that Muslims are part of their community, planners say.
But the proposed location, two blocks from the gaping Ground Zero hole, where the Twin Towers were destroyed by Al-Qaeda terrorists on September 11, 2001, killing nearly 3,000 people, has touched raw nerves.
Applause erupted when the commission recorded its 9-0 vote against protecting the 1850s structure, which houses an abandoned clothing store.
But others shouted "shame." One protestor held a placard saying: "Don't glorify murders of 3,000, no 9/11 mosque" and "Islam builds mosques at the sites of their conquests."
"This is a disgrace," said Andy Sullivan of Queens. "They were screaming Allahu Akbar (God is greatest) when the planes were hitting these buildings. Remember, we still have two wars going on."
Supporters say the project would build a bridge between the West and the Muslim world, transforming both the drab lower Manhattan street and the way Americans have looked on Muslims since the deadly attacks in 2001.
Mayor Michael Bloomberg said religious liberty, a key US value, was at stake.
"This is the freest city in the world. That's what makes New York special and different and strong. Our doors are open to everyone -- everyone with a dream and a willingness to work hard and play by the rules," Bloomberg said.
Critics appear to be small in number, but passionate, and they have gained powerful supporters recently.
Sarah Palin, the former Republican nominee for vice president and a possible presidential candidate in 2012, last month told Americans to "refudiate" the project.
Another figure from the Republican right, Newt Gingrich, has attacked the mosque idea, as has the maverick Tea Party movement. The opposition, which began with relatives of people killed on 9/11, has become increasingly politicized.
Two US television networks said they were refusing to air a slick ad called "Kill the Ground Zero Mosque," in which a voice over declares: "On 9/11 they declared war against us... That mosque is a monument to their victory and an invitation to more."
Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf of the Cordoba Initiative, which is leading the project, said after Tuesday's vote that the facility "will be a home for all people who are yearning for understanding and healing, peace, collaboration, and interdependence.
"We are more determined than ever to take this opportunity, which we also see as a responsibility to our community and to our neighbors in Lower Manhattan," he added.
The Washington-based Council on American-Islamic Relations said the proposal was a test for religious freedom and urged the city panel to "reject efforts by Islamophobes" to block the project.
The Anti-Defamation League (ADL), which is the leading US organization devoted to fighting anti-semitism, said it rejected the "bigotry" of some opponents but argued there are "strong passions and keen sensitivities surrounding the World Trade Center site" and that the project "will cause some victims more pain, unnecessarily."
Influential journalist Fareed Zakaria returned an award given to him by the ADL in protest of its opposition to the building of the mosque.
In a letter published on the website of Newsweek Zakaria wrote that he decided to give back the accolade because he believed the Jewish organization's stand went against its purpose of fighting discrimination and bigotry.
"I cannot in good conscience hold onto the award or the honorarium that came with it and am returning both," he wrote. "I hope that it might add to the many voices that have urged you to reconsider and reverse your position on this issue."
The Indian-American journalist, who is a host on CNN and writes a column for Newsweek, was presented with ADL's Hubert H. Humphrey First Amendment Freedoms Prize in 2005.
The ADL has called to relocate the planned Islamic center citing concerns for the sensitivities of the families of victims in the World Trade Center 2001 terrorist attack.
The ADL’s director Abraham Foxman defended his organization's announcement in an interview to the Jerusalem Post saying his group's position was largely misunderstood and misrepresented by the media.
"If you read our statement, which most people have not read - if you've seen it and read it, the statement that we did spells out as precisely and as accurately and as delicately and as simply as possible our position,” Foxman said..
The most important part of the press release, he said, was the paragraph which stated that: "The controversy which has emerged regarding the building of an Islamic Center at this location is counterproductive to the healing process. Therefore, under these unique circumstances, we believe the City of New York would be better served if an alternative location could be found.”